Tooth Decay Vaccine

Tooth decay is a genuine worldwide health threat. The pain, suffering, and lost productivity associated with the dental disease are epidemic. Now, researchers at Harvard Medical School and elsewhere are developing a vaccine which promises to greatly reduce the incidence of tooth decay.

In the mid 20th century, Many towns in developed countries began introducing Fluoride into their water supplies in an effort to reduce the incidence of tooth decay or "dental caries". Fluoride, a naturally occurring ion in many areas, bids with the minerals in teeth, making them more resistant to the acids produced by decay bacteria. The introduction of Fluoride, along with public health education and better oral hygiene, helped to reduced the incidence of decay significantly in the developed world. Decay is still a problem, however, especially in poorer countries.

Researchers have been working over the past several years on a method of controlling the decay-causing bacteria using vaccination. One of the most promising treatments targets the mechanism by which the bacterium sticks to the tooth. The bacteria, known as streptococcus mutans, is the germ most often associated with tooth decay. To do its damage, the bacterium must be in contact with the tooth for an extended period of time (this is why frequent brushing and flossing are so important). The vaccine stimulates the body to produce antibodies which block the "hooks" that the germs use to attach to the tooth. The germs can't stick to the tooth and can't initiate the decay process.

Results of decay vaccine research has been promising. Animal studies have shown a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of decay using the vaccine. Human trials are in their early stages. It may yet be several years before a vaccine is generally available. It is unfortunate that one limiting factor to production might be a lack of profitability to the drug industry. Hopefully, these problems will be worked out and this valuable tool will be made available to all.

It is important to note that tooth decay will probably never be completely eradicated. Vaccines, fluoridation, and a solid oral hygiene program are all contributors to a healthy mouth and a healthy individual!